On June 8, 1867, the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Aziz I officially recognized Ismail Pasha as Khedive of Egypt.
A position higher than that of a vizier, but lower than that of a caliph, despite the fact that the ruler of Egypt officially held the title of Khedive
However, the Ottoman Sultan had the powers to install and remove the Khedive by imperial decision, but he
Given the Khedive’s connection to the Ottomans in appointment and dismissal, he exercised most of the sovereignty and took most of the measures including
This includes the appointment of the Council of Ministers, the President of Al-Azhar University, and senior officers of the army and navy, and he was also able to sign
Treaties with foreign countries and borrowing money from the treasury. On May 17, 1866, Sultan Abdul Aziz issued
The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire issued an imperial decree of May 17, 1866 at the request of Khedive Ismail, which required
By changing the method of inheritance of power to become based on direct kinship with the closest male, instead of seniority.
During the British occupation of the country in 1882, the Khedive’s exercise of authority was limited and relied on
His advice to the agent-consul who became the de facto ruler of the country